Information on the Eurasian - European - Western European Metapopulation

The Western European Metapopulation (Eurasian - European - Western European) consists of 38,395 haplotypes (at least minimal) which were published in 79 population studies and were additionally submitted via personal communication (28 submissions) .

Most common haplotypes

Count DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS385
1888 14 13 29 24 11 13 13 11,14
869 14 13 29 24 10 13 13 11,14
857 14 13 29 23 11 13 13 11,14
511 14 14 30 24 11 13 13 11,14
491 14 13 29 24 11 13 13 11,15
488 14 12 28 22 10 11 13 13,14
365 14 13 30 24 11 13 13 11,14
333 14 13 29 25 11 13 13 11,14
301 14 13 29 23 10 13 13 11,14
266 14 13 29 24 11 13 13 12,14
Count DYS391 DYS389I DYS439 DYS389II DYS438 DYS437 DYS19 DYS392 DYS393 DYS390 DYS385
677 11 13 12 29 12 15 14 13 13 24 11,14
330 11 13 12 29 12 15 14 13 13 23 11,14
315 10 13 12 29 12 15 14 13 13 24 11,14
244 10 12 11 28 10 16 14 11 13 22 13,14
242 11 13 11 29 12 15 14 13 13 24 11,14
195 11 13 13 29 12 15 14 13 13 24 11,14
191 11 13 12 29 12 15 14 13 13 24 11,15
147 11 13 12 29 12 14 14 13 13 24 11,14
135 11 13 12 29 12 15 14 13 13 25 11,14
133 11 13 11 29 12 15 14 13 13 23 11,14
Count DYS456 DYS389I DYS390 DYS389II DYS458 DYS19 DYS385 DYS393 DYS391 DYS439 DYS635 DYS392 YGATAH4 DYS437 DYS438 DYS448
76 15 13 24 29 17 14 11,14 13 11 12 23 13 12 15 12 19
58 16 13 24 29 17 14 11,14 13 11 12 23 13 12 15 12 19
46 16 13 24 29 18 14 11,14 13 11 12 23 13 12 15 12 19
45 15 13 24 29 18 14 11,14 13 11 12 23 13 12 15 12 19
38 15 13 24 29 17 14 11,14 13 10 12 23 13 12 15 12 19
37 15 13 24 29 17 14 11,14 13 11 11 23 13 12 15 12 19
36 16 13 24 29 16 14 11,14 13 11 12 23 13 12 15 12 19
35 14 12 22 28 15 14 13,14 13 10 11 22 11 11 16 10 20
29 16 13 24 29 17 14 11,14 13 11 13 23 13 12 15 12 19
29 17 13 25 29 17 14 11,13 13 11 12 23 14 12 15 12 18
Count DYS576 DYS389I DYS448 DYS389II DYS19 DYS391 DYS481 DYS549 DYS533 DYS438 DYS437 DYS570 DYS635 DYS390 DYS439 DYS392 DYS643 DYS393 DYS458 DYS385 DYS456 YGATAH4
10 19 14 19 30 13 10 27 13 12 9 15 18 22 23 12 13 11 13 16 14,15 14 11
8 17 13 19 29 14 11 22 14 12 12 14 17 24 24 12 13 10 14 17 12,16 15 12
6 17 13 19 29 13 11 22 13 13 13 14 16 24 25 12 13 10 13 16 11,15 16 12
6 18 14 20 31 14 11 23 13 13 13 15 16 23 23 11 13 10 13 18 10,15 16 12
5 16 12 20 28 14 10 26 12 11 10 16 19 22 22 11 11 12 13 15 13,14 15 10
5 17 12 20 28 16 10 26 12 11 10 16 18 22 22 11 11 12 13 16 13,14 14 12
5 18 13 18 29 14 11 25 12 13 12 15 17 23 25 12 14 10 13 17 11,13 17 12
4 16 12 20 28 14 10 25 12 11 10 16 21 22 22 11 11 12 13 15 13,14 14 11
4 16 12 20 28 15 10 25 12 11 10 16 18 21 22 11 11 12 13 16 13,14 14 11
4 16 12 20 29 15 10 21 12 9 10 16 17 21 23 12 11 12 13 19 12,15 15 11
Count DYS576 DYS389I DYS635 DYS389II DYS627 DYS460 DYS458 DYS19 YGATAH4 DYS448 DYS391 DYS456 DYS390 DYS438 DYS392 DYS518 DYS570 DYS437 DYS385 DYS449 DYS393 DYS439 DYS481 DYF387S1 DYS533
2 16 12 21 28 20 11 17 15 11 20 10 12 23 9 11 38 18 16 15,17 28 12 11 23 38,39 10
2 16 12 23 28 18 11 16 15 11 21 9 15 22 10 11 37 19 16 15,15 29 14 11 22 38,39 9
2 16 12 24 29 21 10 17 16 11 20 11 15 23 10 11 38 18 16 12,14 32 13 11 24 38,39 13
2 16 13 21 28 21 11 17 15 12 20 10 14 23 10 11 38 16 15 12,12 30 13 11 22 35,37 12
2 17 12 20 29 21 11 18 15 11 21 11 15 22 10 11 36 17 16 12,14 26 14 11 22 37,38 9
2 17 13 21 29 21 10 16 14 11 21 10 15 23 9 11 40 19 15 15,16 31 12 12 24 40,40 11
2 17 13 23 28 21 11 17 14 12 19 11 16 23 12 13 37 18 15 11,14 29 13 11 22 34,35 13
2 17 13 23 29 20 11 17 15 12 20 11 15 24 12 13 38 19 14 11,14 29 13 12 22 35,36 12
2 17 13 23 29 21 11 17 14 12 19 10 17 24 11 13 38 17 15 11,14 32 13 11 21 35,37 13
2 17 13 23 29 22 10 17 14 12 19 10 16 23 12 13 40 18 15 11,14 29 13 11 22 35,36 12
Count DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS385 DYS439 DYS438 DYS437 DYS456 DYS458 DYS635 YGATAH4 DYS448 DYS576 DYS481 DYS549 DYS533 DYS570 DYS643 DYS627 DYS460 DYS518 DYS449 DYF387S1
2 13 14 30 23 10 13 13 14,15 12 9 15 14 16 22 11 19 19 27 13 12 18 11 20 11 36 32 38,39
2 14 13 29 23 10 13 13 11,14 11 12 15 16 17 23 12 19 17 22 12 12 18 10 22 10 40 29 35,36
2 14 13 29 24 10 13 13 11,14 11 11 15 17 17 23 12 19 17 21 13 13 17 10 21 11 38 32 35,37
2 14 13 29 25 12 13 13 11,15 12 12 15 16 17 23 12 19 17 22 13 12 17 10 23 11 38 28 36,36
2 14 13 30 24 11 13 13 11,14 12 12 15 16 17 23 12 19 18 22 13 12 17 10 24 11 38 29 35,37
2 14 13 30 24 11 13 13 11,14 12 12 15 16 18 23 12 19 18 22 13 12 17 10 20 11 38 26 35,36
2 14 14 31 23 11 13 13 10,15 11 13 15 16 18 23 12 20 18 23 13 13 16 10 23 11 39 29 36,36
2 15 12 29 22 11 11 14 12,14 11 10 16 15 18 20 11 21 17 22 13 9 17 12 21 11 36 26 37,38
2 15 13 29 24 11 13 13 11,14 12 12 14 15 17 23 12 20 17 22 13 12 19 10 20 11 38 29 35,36
2 16 14 31 23 10 12 14 15,15 12 10 14 14 16 21 11 20 17 27 12 12 19 12 21 11 39 27 36,38

Discrete-Laplace frequency estimation (Minimal)

Release
R67
Loci included
DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II*, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393
Central haplotypes
88
EM converged
true
EM iterations
61
GLM method
internal_coef
Init method
pam
Threshold frequency
1 in 696,593
Per locus details
DL centers distribution (download PDF)
Table of haplotype centers (click to show/hide)
DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II* DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393
1 16 13 16 25 10 11 13
2 14 13 16 23 11 13 13
3 15 13 16 24 10 13 13
4 16 13 18 24 11 11 13
5 15 13 17 22 10 11 14
6 14 14 17 24 11 13 13
7 15 13 17 25 10 11 13
8 15 12 16 22 10 11 13
9 15 12 17 22 10 11 14
10 14 14 16 23 11 13 13
11 14 13 16 23 10 13 13
12 16 13 17 24 11 11 13
13 15 13 18 23 10 11 13
14 13 14 17 24 10 11 13
15 14 13 16 24 11 13 13
16 13 13 17 24 10 11 13
17 14 13 16 24 11 13 12
18 14 13 16 23 10 11 12
19 14 13 16 24 10 13 13
20 14 13 17 24 10 13 13
21 15 14 18 23 10 12 14
22 15 14 16 24 11 13 13
23 14 12 16 22 10 11 14
24 14 13 15 23 11 13 13
25 14 12 16 24 11 13 13
26 14 14 16 24 11 13 13
27 14 14 16 23 10 13 13
28 16 13 17 25 11 11 13
29 14 13 17 24 11 13 13
30 15 12 17 22 10 11 13
31 13 13 18 25 10 11 13
32 14 12 16 22 10 11 13
33 14 12 16 23 11 13 13
34 14 14 16 23 11 14 14
35 16 13 17 25 10 11 13
36 16 13 18 25 11 11 13
37 14 13 15 23 10 13 13
38 14 13 17 24 10 11 12
39 13 13 18 24 10 11 13
40 14 13 16 24 10 13 12
41 15 14 17 25 11 11 13
42 14 12 17 23 10 11 13
43 15 12 16 23 10 11 13
44 15 13 16 25 10 11 13
45 15 12 16 22 10 11 14
46 14 12 16 23 10 11 13
47 14 13 16 24 11 11 13
48 14 13 17 23 10 11 12
49 13 13 17 23 10 11 13
50 17 13 17 25 10 11 13
51 14 12 17 22 10 11 13
52 14 13 16 24 11 14 13
53 16 12 16 25 11 11 13
54 14 13 16 24 11 13 14
55 15 14 16 22 10 11 12
56 15 13 16 25 11 13 13
57 16 13 16 23 10 12 14
58 15 13 16 24 11 13 13
59 14 14 16 25 11 13 13
60 14 13 15 24 11 13 13
61 15 13 16 23 11 13 13
62 15 13 17 23 10 12 15
63 17 13 15 23 10 11 13
64 14 13 17 23 11 13 13
65 14 13 16 25 11 13 13
66 16 13 15 23 10 11 13
67 14 13 17 25 11 13 13
68 15 13 17 25 11 11 13
69 14 13 17 23 10 13 13
70 13 13 17 25 10 11 13
71 14 12 16 24 10 13 13
72 15 12 16 24 10 11 12
73 14 13 16 25 10 14 13
74 14 13 16 25 11 14 13
75 14 13 16 24 10 13 14
76 14 13 16 24 12 13 13
77 14 13 16 25 10 13 13
78 14 14 16 24 10 13 13
79 14 14 17 23 10 11 12
80 15 13 16 23 10 13 13
81 15 12 18 22 10 11 14
82 15 13 16 23 9 11 12
83 15 14 16 23 10 11 13
84 15 14 17 23 10 12 14
85 16 12 16 24 10 11 12
86 14 14 17 24 10 13 13
87 13 14 16 24 9 11 13
88 17 14 15 24 9 11 13

Discrete-Laplace frequency estimation (Y17)

Release
R67
Loci included
DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II*, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, YGATAH4
Central haplotypes
71
EM converged
true
EM iterations
116
GLM method
internal_coef
Init method
pam
Threshold frequency
1 in 75,966,772
Per locus details
DL centers distribution (download PDF)
Table of haplotype centers (click to show/hide)
DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II* DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS437 DYS438 DYS439 DYS448 DYS456 DYS458 DYS635 YGATAH4
1 15 13 17 25 11 11 13 14 11 10 20 15 15 23 13
2 16 13 17 25 10 11 13 14 11 10 20 16 15 23 12
3 14 13 16 23 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 16 17 25 12
4 15 12 16 24 10 11 12 16 9 12 19 13 16 21 11
5 14 12 16 22 10 11 13 16 10 11 20 14 15 22 11
6 16 13 16 25 10 11 13 14 11 11 20 17 16 23 12
7 16 12 16 25 11 11 13 15 10 11 21 14 16 21 10
8 14 12 16 23 10 11 13 16 10 11 20 14 15 22 11
9 14 13 16 24 10 13 13 15 12 11 19 15 17 24 12
10 14 13 16 23 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 17 17 23 12
11 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 15 18 23 12
12 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 15 17 23 12
13 14 13 16 23 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 17 17 23 11
14 16 13 18 24 11 11 13 15 10 13 20 15 17 23 11
15 13 13 17 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 17 15 22 12
16 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 15 16 23 12
17 14 13 16 24 10 13 13 15 12 12 19 15 16 23 12
18 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 13 19 15 17 23 12
19 13 13 17 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 16 16 21 12
20 14 13 16 23 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 16 19 23 12
21 15 12 17 22 10 11 14 16 10 11 21 15 16 20 12
22 14 13 16 24 10 13 13 15 12 12 19 15 18 23 12
23 14 12 16 22 10 11 13 16 10 11 20 14 15 23 11
24 15 12 16 22 10 11 13 16 10 11 20 14 16 21 11
25 14 13 16 24 10 13 13 15 12 12 19 16 18 23 12
26 14 13 16 24 10 13 13 15 12 12 19 15 17 23 12
27 15 13 16 23 9 11 12 14 9 12 21 16 14 22 12
28 14 14 16 23 11 14 14 14 10 10 19 14 17 21 12
29 14 12 16 23 10 11 13 16 10 11 20 14 15 21 11
30 14 12 16 22 10 11 13 16 10 11 20 14 15 21 11
31 14 12 16 22 10 11 13 16 10 11 20 15 15 22 10
32 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 13 19 16 18 23 12
33 13 13 17 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 15 15 22 12
34 15 13 16 23 10 11 12 15 9 11 20 15 17 21 11
35 17 13 17 25 10 11 13 14 11 10 20 16 17 23 12
36 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 16 18 23 12
37 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 11 19 16 17 23 12
38 15 14 17 23 10 12 14 14 10 11 20 14 15 21 10
39 16 13 17 25 11 11 13 14 11 11 20 16 15 23 13
40 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 11 19 16 18 23 12
41 15 12 17 22 10 11 13 16 10 12 20 15 18 21 11
42 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 11 19 15 17 23 12
43 14 13 17 23 10 13 13 14 9 11 19 15 17 21 11
44 14 13 16 23 10 11 12 15 9 11 21 15 16 22 11
45 15 13 17 23 10 12 14 14 10 11 20 14 16 22 11
46 15 14 17 25 11 11 13 14 11 10 20 16 15 23 12
47 13 14 16 23 10 13 13 15 9 12 19 15 16 21 11
48 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 13 19 16 17 23 12
49 15 14 18 23 10 12 14 14 10 11 20 15 15 21 11
50 14 13 15 23 11 13 13 15 12 11 19 16 17 23 12
51 14 13 16 24 10 13 13 15 12 12 19 16 16 23 12
52 14 13 16 24 10 13 13 15 12 12 19 16 17 23 12
53 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 16 17 23 12
54 14 13 17 23 10 11 12 15 9 11 20 15 17 24 11
55 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 14 12 12 18 15 17 23 11
56 15 12 17 21 10 11 14 16 10 12 21 15 16 21 11
57 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 14 12 12 18 16 17 23 11
58 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 11 19 15 18 23 12
59 17 13 15 23 10 11 13 15 10 11 21 14 17 21 12
60 13 13 18 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 15 17 22 11
61 13 14 16 24 9 11 13 14 10 10 20 16 18 21 12
62 15 12 17 22 10 11 14 16 10 11 21 15 17 21 12
63 14 13 17 23 10 11 12 15 9 12 20 15 15 21 11
64 14 13 16 24 11 13 13 15 12 12 19 16 16 23 12
65 14 14 16 24 11 13 13 14 12 12 18 16 17 23 11
66 16 13 16 23 11 12 14 15 10 11 20 17 15 20 11
67 15 14 16 23 10 11 13 14 10 12 18 14 19 21 11
68 14 14 16 24 11 13 13 14 12 12 18 15 17 23 11
69 15 13 16 24 10 12 15 15 10 11 20 14 16 19 11
70 14 13 16 25 11 14 13 15 12 12 18 17 17 23 12
71 17 14 15 24 9 11 13 15 10 12 21 14 16 21 11

* Please note that DYS389I was substracted from DYS389II

Population studies

  • Kayser M., Krawczak M., Excoffier L., Dieltjes P., Corach D., Pascali V., Gehrig C., Bernini LF., Jespersen J., Bakker E., Roewer L. and Knijff D. (2001), 'An extensive analysis of Y-chromosomal microsatellite haplotypes in globally dispersed human populations.', Am J Hum Genet 68(4):990-1018 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Gamero JJ., Romero JL., González JL., Carvalho M., Anjos MJ., Real FC. and Vide MC. (2002), 'Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in a southwest Spain population sample.', Forensic Sci Int 125(1):86-9 [PubMed]
  • Martinez-Jarreta B., Nievas P., Abecia E., Hinojal R. and Budowle B. (2003), 'Haplotype distribution of nine Y-chromosome STR-loci in two northern Spanish populations (Asturias and Aragon).', J Forensic Sci 48(1):204-5 [PubMed]
  • Carvalho M., Anjos MJ., Andrade L., Lopes V., Santos MV., Gamero JJ., Real C. and Vide MC. (2003), 'Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in two population samples: Azores Islands and Central Portugal.', Forensic Sci Int 134(1):29-35 [PubMed]
  • Gené M., Borrego N., Xifró A., Piqué E., Moreno P. and Huguet E. (1999), 'Haplotype frequencies of eight Y-chromosome STR loci in Barcelona (North-East Spain).', Int J Legal Med 112(6):403-5 [PubMed]
  • Mertens G., Jehaes E., Leijnen G., Rand S., Jacobs W. and Marck V. (2007), 'Twelve-locus Y-STR haplotypes in the Flemish population.', J Forensic Sci 52(3):755-7 [PubMed]
  • Dupuy BM., Andreassen R., Flønes AG., Tomassen K., Egeland T., Brion M., Carracedo A. and Olaisen B. (2001), 'Y-chromosome variation in a Norwegian population sample.', Forensic Sci Int 117(3):163-73 [PubMed]
  • Purps J., Siegert S., Willuweit S., Nagy M., Alves C., Salazar R., Angustia SM., Santos LH., Anslinger K., Bayer B., Ayub Q., Wei W., Xue Y., Tyler-Smith C., Bafalluy MB., Martínez-Jarreta B., Egyed B., Balitzki B., Tschumi S., Ballard D., Court DS., Barrantes X., Bäßler G., Wiest T., Berger B., Niederstätter H., Parson W., Davis C., Budowle B., Burri H., Borer U., Koller C., Carvalho EF., Domingues PM., Chamoun WT., Coble MD., Hill CR., Corach D., Caputo M., D'Amato ME., Davison S., Decorte R., Larmuseau MH., Ottoni C., Rickards O., Lu D., Jiang C., Dobosz T., Jonkisz A., Frank WE., Furac I., Gehrig C., Castella V., Grskovic B., Haas C., Wobst J., Hadzic G., Drobnic K., Honda K., Hou Y., Zhou D., Li Y., Hu S., Chen S., Immel UD., Lessig R., Jakovski Z., Ilievska T., Klann AE., García CC., Knijff D., Kraaijenbrink T., Kondili A., Miniati P., Vouropoulou M., Kovacevic L., Marjanovic D., Lindner I., Mansour I., Al-Azem M., Andari AE., Marino M., Furfuro S., Locarno L., Martín P., Luque GM., Alonso A., Miranda LS., Moreira H., Mizuno N., Iwashima Y., Neto RS., Nogueira TL., Silva R., Nastainczyk-Wulf M., Edelmann J., Kohl M., Nie S., Wang X., Cheng B., Núñez C., Pancorbo MM., Olofsson JK., Morling N., Onofri V., Tagliabracci A., Pamjav H., Volgyi A., Barany G., Pawlowski R., Maciejewska A., Pelotti S., Pepinski W., Abreu-Glowacka M., Phillips C., Cárdenas J., Rey-Gonzalez D., Salas A., Brisighelli F., Capelli C., Toscanini U., Piccinini A., Piglionica M., Baldassarra SL., Ploski R., Konarzewska M., Jastrzebska E., Robino C., Sajantila A., Palo JU., Guevara E., Salvador J., Ungria MC., Rodriguez JJ., Schmidt U., Schlauderer N., Saukko P., Schneider PM., Sirker M., Shin KJ., Oh YN., Skitsa I., Ampati A., Smith TG., Calvit LS., Stenzl V., Capal T., Tillmar A., Nilsson H., Turrina S., Leo D., Verzeletti A., Cortellini V., Wetton JH., Gwynne GM., Jobling MA., Whittle MR., Sumita DR., Wolańska-Nowak P., Yong RY., Krawczak M., Nothnagel M. and Roewer L. (2014), 'A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 12:12-23 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Gehrig C., Hochmeister M. and Budowle B. (2000), 'Swiss allele frequencies and haplotypes of 7 Y-specific STRs.', J Forensic Sci 45(2):436-9 [PubMed]
  • Zieger M. and Utz S. (2020), 'The Y-chromosomal haplotype and haplogroup distribution of modern Switzerland still reflects the alpine divide as a geographical barrier for human migration.', For Sci Int Genet 48:102345 [DOI]
  • Karlsson AO., Wallerström T., Götherström A. and Holmlund G. (2006), 'Y-chromosome diversity in Sweden - a long-time perspective.', Eur J Hum Genet 14(8):963-70 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Ferri G., Ceccardi S., Lugaresi F., Bini C., Ingravallo F., Cicognani A., Falconi M. and Pelotti S. (2008), 'Male haplotypes and haplogroups differences between urban (Rimini) and rural area (Valmarecchia) in Romagna region (North Italy).', Forensic Sci Int 175(2-3):250-5 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Junge A. and Madea B. (1999), 'Population studies of the Y-chromosome specific polymorphisms DYS19, DYS389 I + II, DYS390 and DYS393 in a western German population (Bonn area).', Forensic Sci Int 101(3):195-201 [PubMed]
  • Cerri N., Verzeletti A., Bandera B. and Ferrari D. (2005), 'Population data for 12 Y-chromosome STRs in a sample from Brescia (northern Italy).', Forensic Sci Int 152(1):83-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Roewer L., Krawczak M., Willuweit S., Nagy M., Alves C., Amorim A., Anslinger K., Augustin C., Betz A., Bosch E., Cagliá A., Carracedo A., Corach D., Dekairelle AF., Dobosz T., Dupuy BM., Füredi S., Gehrig C., Gusmaõ L., Henke J., Henke L., Hidding M., Hohoff C., Hoste B., Jobling MA., Kärgel HJ., Knijff D., Lessig R., Liebeherr E., Lorente M., Martínez-Jarreta B., Nievas P., Nowak M., Parson W., Pascali VL., Penacino G., Ploski R., Rolf B., Sala A., Schmidt U., Schmitt C., Schneider PM., Szibor R., Teifel-Greding J. and Kayser M. (2001), 'Online reference database of European Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) haplotypes.', Forensic Sci Int 118(2-3):106-13 [PubMed]
  • Claerhout S., Roelens J., Der V., Verstraete P., Larmuseau MHD. and Decorte R. (2020), 'Ysurnames? The patrilineal Y-chromosome and surname correlation for DNA kinship research', For Sci Int Genet 44:102204 [DOI]
  • Zarrabeitia MT., Riancho JA., Sánchez-Diz P. and Sánchez-Velasco P. (2001), '7-Locus Y chromosome haplotype profiling in a northern Spain population.', Forensic Sci Int 123(1):78-80 [PubMed]
  • Nuñez C., Baeta M., Fernández M., Zarrabeitia M., Martinez-Jarreta B. and Pancorbo MM. (2015), 'Highly discriminatory capacity of the PowerPlex(®) Y23 System for the study of isolated populations', For Sci Int Genetics 17:104-107 [DOI]
  • Dupuy BM., Stenersen M., Lu TT. and Olaisen B. (2006), 'Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway.', Forensic Sci Int 164(1):10-9 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Bento AM., Carvalho M., Lopes V., Serra A., Costa HA., Andrade L., Balsa F., Oliveira C., Batista L., Gamero J., Anjos MJ., Gusmão L. and Corte-Real F. (2009), 'Distribution of Y-chromosomal haplotypes in the Central Portuguese population using 17-STRs', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(1):e35-6 [DOI]
  • Hidding M. and Schmitt C. (2000), 'Haplotype frequencies and population data of nine Y-chromosomal STR polymorphisms in a German and a Chinese population.', Forensic Sci Int 113(1-3):47-53 [PubMed]
  • Henke J., Henke L., Chatthopadhyay P., Kayser M., Dülmer M., Cleef S., Pöche H. and Felske-Zech H. (2001), 'Application of Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes to forensic genetics.', Croat Med J 42(3):292-7 [PubMed]
  • Bosch E., Rosser ZH., Nørby S., Lynnerup N. and Jobling MA. (2003), 'Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Inuit and Danish population samples.', Forensic Sci Int 132(3):228-32 [PubMed]
  • Olofsson JK., Mogensen HS., Buchard A., Børsting C. and Morling N. (2015), 'Forensic and population genetic analyses of Danes, Greenlanders and Somalis typed with the Yfiler® Plus PCR amplification kit.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 16:232-236 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Rodig H., Grum M. and Grimmecke HD. (2007), 'Population study and evaluation of 20 Y-chromosome STR loci in Germans.', Int J Legal Med 121(1):24-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Ferri G., Alù M., Corradini B., Radheshi E. and Beduschi G. (2009), 'Slow and fast evolving markers typing in Modena males (North Italy).', Forensic Sci Int Genet 3(2):e31-3 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Schmidt U., Meier N. and Lutz S. (2003), 'Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from southwest Germany (Freiburg area).', Int J Legal Med 117(4):211-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Holmlund G., Nilsson H., Karlsson A. and Lindblom B. (2006), 'Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in Sweden.', Forensic Sci Int 160(1):66-79 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Kayser M., Lao O., Anslinger K., Augustin C., Bargel G., Edelmann J., Elias S., Heinrich M., Henke J., Henke L., Hohoff C., Illing A., Jonkisz A., Kuzniar P., Lebioda A., Lessig R., Lewicki S., Maciejewska A., Monies DM., Pawłowski R., Poetsch M., Schmid D., Schmidt U., Schneider PM., Stradmann-Bellinghausen B., Szibor R., Wegener R., Wozniak M., Zoledziewska M., Roewer L., Dobosz T. and Ploski R. (2005), 'Significant genetic differentiation between Poland and Germany follows present-day political borders, as revealed by Y-chromosome analysis.', Hum Genet 117(5):428-43 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Immel UD., Kleiber M. and Klintschar M. (2005), 'Y chromosome polymorphisms and haplotypes in South Saxony-Anhalt (Germany).', Forensic Sci Int 155(2-3):211-5 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Andreassen R., Pereira L., Dupuy BM. and Mevaag B. (2010), 'Icelandic population data for the STR loci in the AMPFlSTR SGM Plus system and the PowerPlex Y-system.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(4):e101-3 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Aliferi A., Thomson J., McDonald A., Molin V., Ferguson S., Vanhinsbergh D., Syndercombe D. and Ballard D. (2018), 'UK and Irish Y-STR population data—A catalogue of variant alleles', For Sci Int Genetics 34:e1-6 [Link] [DOI]
  • Xu H., Wang CC., Shrestha R., Wang LX., Zhang M., He Y., Kidd JR., Kidd KK., Jin L. and Li H. (2015), 'Inferring population structure and demographic history using Y‐STR data from worldwide populations', Mol Genet Genomics 290(1):141-50 [DOI]
  • Capelli C., Arredi B., Baldassari L., Boschi I., Brisighelli F., Caglià A., Dobosz M., Scarnicci F., Vetrugno G. and Pascali VL. (2006), 'A 9-loci Y chromosome haplotype in three Italian populations', Forensic Sci Int 159(1):64-70 [DOI]
  • Lessig R. and Edelmann J. (1998), 'Y chromosome polymorphisms and haplotypes in west Saxony (Germany).', Int J Legal Med 111(4):215-8 [PubMed]
  • Maesschalck D., Vanhoutte E., Knaepen K., Vanderheyden N., Cassiman JJ. and Decorte R. (2005), 'Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a Belgian population sample and identification of a micro-variant with a flanking site mutation at DYS19.', Forensic Sci Int 152(1):89-94 [PubMed] [DOI]
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