Information on the Admixed - U.S. Native American Metapopulation

The U.S. Native American Metapopulation (Admixed - U.S. Native American) consists of 4,556 haplotypes (at least minimal) which were published in 4 population studies and were additionally submitted via personal communication (7 submissions) .

Most common haplotypes

Count	DYS19	DYS389I	DYS389II	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393	DYS385
126	14	13	29	24	11	13	13	11,14
86	14	12	28	25	10	14	14	16,17
82	13	12	29	23	10	15	13	15,17
80	15	13	29	23	9	11	12	15,15
52	14	13	29	24	10	13	13	11,14
51	13	13	31	23	10	14	13	14,17
51	14	13	29	23	11	13	13	11,14
50	13	14	32	23	10	15	13	15,18
42	13	12	29	24	11	16	13	14,14
42	14	12	28	22	10	11	13	13,14

Count	DYS391	DYS389I	DYS439	DYS389II	DYS438	DYS437	DYS19	DYS392	DYS393	DYS390	DYS385
71	9	13	11	29	10	14	15	11	12	23	15,15
63	10	12	12	28	11	14	14	14	14	25	16,17
51	10	12	13	29	11	14	13	15	13	23	15,17
50	10	14	10	32	12	15	13	15	13	23	15,18
49	10	13	11	31	11	14	13	14	13	23	14,17
42	11	13	12	29	12	15	14	13	13	24	11,14
39	11	12	12	29	11	14	13	16	13	24	14,14
37	10	13	11	30	11	14	13	14	13	24	14,15
36	10	13	11	28	10	14	16	11	13	23	13,13
31	10	13	11	30	11	14	14	16	13	25	12,18

Count	DYS456	DYS389I	DYS390	DYS389II	DYS458	DYS19	DYS385	DYS393	DYS391	DYS439	DYS635	DYS392	YGATAH4	DYS437	DYS438	DYS448
28	15	14	23	32	15	13	15,18	13	10	10	22	15	13	15	12	20
23	15	12	25	28	15	14	16,17	14	10	12	22	14	12	14	11	20
21	15	13	23	29	18	15	15,15	12	9	11	22	11	11	14	10	21
19	17	13	24	30	15	13	14,15	13	10	11	23	14	11	14	11	19
18	15	12	23	30	17	13	16,17	13	10	13	23	15	12	14	11	20
16	15	13	23	29	18	14	15,15	12	9	11	22	11	11	14	10	21
15	15	13	23	28	19	15	15,16	12	9	11	23	11	12	14	10	21
14	15	13	25	30	15	14	12,18	13	10	11	22	16	12	14	11	19
12	15	12	23	29	17	13	15,17	13	10	13	23	15	12	14	11	20
12	16	13	23	31	16	13	14,17	13	10	11	23	14	12	14	11	0

Count	DYS576	DYS389I	DYS448	DYS389II	DYS19	DYS391	DYS481	DYS549	DYS533	DYS438	DYS437	DYS570	DYS635	DYS390	DYS439	DYS392	DYS643	DYS393	DYS458	DYS385	DYS456	YGATAH4
20	16	14	20	32	13	10	26	14	11	12	15	19	22	23	10	15	10	13	15	15,18	15	13
14	17	13	19	30	13	10	23	12	12	11	14	20	23	24	11	14	10	13	15	14,15	17	11
12	16	13	19	30	14	10	25	12	11	11	14	19	22	25	11	16	10	13	15	12,18	15	12
10	18	13	21	29	14	9	25	12	13	10	14	17	22	23	11	11	9	12	18	15,15	15	11
9	18	12	20	28	14	10	25	13	10	11	14	17	22	25	11	15	10	14	15	16,17	15	12
9	18	12	20	28	14	10	25	13	11	11	14	17	22	25	12	14	10	14	15	16,17	15	12
8	17	13	21	29	15	9	25	12	13	10	14	16	22	23	11	11	9	12	18	15,15	14	11
8	17	13	21	29	15	9	26	12	13	10	14	16	22	23	11	11	9	12	18	15,15	15	11
7	17	14	21	30	13	10	25	13	12	11	14	17	22	23	14	14	10	13	15	16,17	15	12
7	18	12	20	29	13	10	24	13	12	11	14	16	23	23	13	15	10	13	17	15,17	15	12

Count	DYS576	DYS389I	DYS635	DYS389II	DYS627	DYS460	DYS458	DYS19	YGATAH4	DYS448	DYS391	DYS456	DYS390	DYS438	DYS392	DYS518	DYS570	DYS437	DYS385	DYS449	DYS393	DYS439	DYS481	DYF387S1	DYS533
14	16	14	22	32	22	10	15	13	13	20	10	15	23	12	15	36	19	15	15,18	31	13	10	26	35,40	11
8	17	13	22	29	21	11	18	15	11	21	9	15	23	10	11	40	16	14	15,15	28	12	11	26	37,38	13
8	18	13	23	31	21	10	16	13	12	0	10	16	23	11	14	39	18	14	14,17	27	13	11	23	35,40	11
7	17	13	22	29	21	11	18	15	11	21	9	14	23	10	11	40	16	14	15,15	28	12	11	25	37,38	13
6	16	12	22	28	18.2	11	16	14	11	20	10	14	22	10	11	41	19	15	13,14	30	13	11	25	38,38	11
6	16	13	22	29	18	11	15	14	12	19	10	15	25	11	14	39	20	14	12,18	27	13	11	25	36,38	11
6	16	13	22	30	18	11	15	14	12	19	10	15	25	11	16	39	19	14	12,18	27	13	11	25	36,38	11
6	17	13	23	30	20	11	15	13	11	19	10	17	24	11	14	40	20	14	14,15	29	13	11	23	34,40	12
6	18	13	22	29	21	11	18	14	11	21	9	15	23	10	11	39	17	14	15,15	29	12	11	25	37,38	13
5	17	13	23	28	20	11	15	13	11	19	10	17	24	11	14	38	19	14	15,16	29	13	11	24	35,40	12

Count	DYS19	DYS389I	DYS389II	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393	DYS385	DYS439	DYS438	DYS437	DYS456	DYS458	DYS635	YGATAH4	DYS448	DYS576	DYS481	DYS549	DYS533	DYS570	DYS643	DYS627	DYS460	DYS518	DYS449	DYF387S1
13	13	14	32	23	10	15	13	15,18	10	12	15	15	15	22	13	20	16	26	14	11	19	10	22	10	36	31	35,40
8	15	13	29	23	9	11	12	15,15	11	10	14	15	18	22	11	21	17	26	12	13	16	9	21	11	40	28	37,38
6	13	13	30	24	10	14	13	14,15	11	11	14	17	15	23	11	19	17	23	12	12	20	10	20	11	40	29	34,40
6	13	13	31	23	10	14	13	14,17	11	11	14	16	16	23	12	0	18	23	14	11	18	10	21	10	39	27	35,40
6	14	13	30	25	10	16	13	12,18	11	11	14	15	15	22	12	19	16	25	12	11	19	10	18	11	39	27	36,38
6	15	13	29	23	9	11	12	15,15	11	10	14	14	18	22	11	21	17	25	12	13	16	9	21	11	40	28	37,38
5	13	12	28	24	10	16	13	14,17	12	11	14	15	16	23	13	20	19	25	12	11	19	10	18	11	37	30	37,42
5	13	13	28	24	10	14	13	15,16	11	11	14	17	15	23	11	19	17	24	11	12	19	10	20	11	38	29	35,40
5	13	14	33	24	10	13	13	16,17	13	11	14	15	17	23	13	20	18	25	11	11	15	10	21	10	37	29	36,37
5	14	13	29	23	9	11	12	15,15	11	10	14	15	18	22	11	21	18	25	12	13	17	9	21	11	39	29	37,38

Discrete-Laplace frequency estimation (Minimal)

Release: R69
Loci included: DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II^*, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393
Central haplotypes: 33
EM converged: true
EM iterations: 33
GLM method: internal_coef
Init method: pam
Threshold frequency: 1 in 142,719
Per locus details: DL centers distribution (download PDF)

Table of haplotype centers (click to show/hide)

	DYS19	DYS389I	DYS389II^*	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393
1	13	13	17	24	10	11	13
2	14	12	16	22	10	11	13
3	15	13	17	23	10	12	14
4	14	12	16	23	10	11	13
5	16	13	17	24	10	11	13
6	14	13	17	23	10	14	13
7	14	13	16	24	11	13	13
8	14	13	16	24	10	13	13
9	14	13	16	25	11	13	13
10	14	13	16	23	11	13	13
11	14	13	17	24	11	13	13
12	15	13	17	21	10	11	14
13	14	13	17	25	10	14	13
14	13	13	17	24	10	14	13
15	14	13	17	24	10	14	12
16	14	12	16	25	10	14	14
17	15	13	16	23	9	11	12
18	13	14	18	23	10	15	13
19	13	14	16	23	10	14	13
20	13	14	17	21	10	14	15
21	13	12	17	23	10	15	13
22	13	13	17	24	10	14	14
23	14	13	16	24	10	15	13
24	14	13	17	23	10	11	12
25	13	14	16	24	10	15	14
26	13	13	18	23	10	14	13
27	15	13	17	25	11	11	13
28	14	14	19	23	10	14	13
29	13	13	17	24	11	16	13
30	16	13	15	23	10	11	13
31	13	13	16	23	11	16	13
32	13	12	16	24	10	16	13
33	14	13	17	25	10	16	13

Discrete-Laplace frequency estimation (Y17)

Release: R69
Loci included: DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II^*, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, YGATAH4
Central haplotypes: 41
EM converged: true
EM iterations: 26
GLM method: internal_coef
Init method: pam
Threshold frequency: 1 in 107,771,558
Per locus details: DL centers distribution (download PDF)

Table of haplotype centers (click to show/hide)

	DYS19	DYS389I	DYS389II^*	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393	DYS437	DYS438	DYS439	DYS448	DYS456	DYS458	DYS635	YGATAH4
1	13	14	17	24	10	14	14	15	10	13	21	16	17	22	11
2	15	12	17	22	10	11	14	16	10	11	21	15	16	20	12
3	13	14	16	24	10	15	14	15	11	11	18	15	14	22	10
4	14	13	16	23	11	13	13	15	12	11	19	16	17	23	12
5	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	14	12	12	18	15	17	23	11
6	13	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	12	19	15	16	22	11
7	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	15	12	12	19	16	16	23	12
8	14	13	16	23	10	14	13	14	12	12	19	17	17	22	11
9	15	13	16	23	9	11	12	14	10	11	21	15	18	22	11
10	14	13	16	25	11	14	13	15	12	12	18	17	17	23	12
11	14	12	16	23	10	11	13	16	10	11	20	14	16	21	11
12	15	13	16	23	9	11	12	14	10	11	21	15	19	23	12
13	14	13	16	24	10	13	13	15	12	12	19	15	17	23	12
14	13	13	17	24	10	16	13	14	11	12	20	16	17	22	12
15	13	13	17	23	10	14	13	14	11	12	21	15	14	22	12
16	16	13	17	25	10	11	13	14	11	10	20	16	15	23	12
17	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	15	12	12	19	16	18	23	12
18	13	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	11	19	17	15	23	11
19	14	12	16	22	10	11	13	16	10	11	20	14	15	22	11
20	12	13	18	25	10	14	13	14	11	13	19	17	15	22	11
21	13	13	17	24	10	11	13	14	10	12	20	16	16	22	12
22	15	13	17	23	10	12	14	14	10	11	20	15	15	21	11
23	13	13	17	24	10	14	14	15	11	11	20	16	16	22	11
24	13	14	19	24	10	13	13	14	11	13	20	15	17	23	13
25	14	14	16	23	11	14	14	14	10	10	19	14	17	21	12
26	16	13	17	21	10	11	14	14	11	12	21	15	17	21	11
27	16	13	16	23	10	11	13	14	10	11	20	15	17	22	11
28	14	14	18	23	10	14	13	14	12	11	19	15	17	22	12
29	13	12	17	23	10	15	13	14	11	13	20	15	17	23	12
30	13	13	16	23	11	16	13	14	11	12	19	15	16	25	10
31	13	12	17	24	9	14	13	14	11	13	20	17	16	22	11
32	13	13	17	24	10	15	14	14	11	11	19	17	16	22	12
33	13	14	16	23	10	14	13	14	11	13	21	15	15	22	12
34	14	13	16	23	10	11	12	14	9	11	20	15	15	21	12
35	14	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	11	19	15	15	22	12
36	14	12	16	25	10	14	14	14	11	12	20	15	15	22	12
37	13	14	16	24	9	11	13	14	10	10	20	16	18	21	12
38	13	14	18	23	10	15	13	15	12	10	20	15	15	22	13
39	13	12	17	24	10	16	13	14	11	12	20	15	17	23	13
40	13	14	17	21	10	14	15	14	11	11	19	15	17	22	11
41	14	14	16	24	10	15	13	14	11	13	19	14	17	22	12

^* Please note that DYS389I was substracted from DYS389II

Population studies

Bolnick DA., Bolnick DI. and Smith DG. (2006), 'Asymmetric male and female genetic histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America.', Mol Biol Evol 23(11):2161-74 [PubMed] [DOI]
Davis C., Ge J., Chidambaram A., King J., Turnbough M., Collins M., Dym O., Chakraborty R., Eisenberg AJ. and Budowle B. (2011), 'Y-STR loci diversity in native Alaskan populations.', Int J Legal Med 125(4):559-63 [PubMed] [DOI]
Xu H., Wang CC., Shrestha R., Wang LX., Zhang M., He Y., Kidd JR., Kidd KK., Jin L. and Li H. (2015), 'Inferring population structure and demographic history using Y‐STR data from worldwide populations', Mol Genet Genomics 290(1):141-50 [DOI]
Pignone ML., Manzella AM., Galusha M., Le J. and Moreno LI. (2022), 'Y-STR Sample Haplotypes From Five United States of America Population Groups', Forensic Science International: Reports 5:100274 [DOI]

Personal communications

YA005394, YA005841, YA005359, YA005602, YA005448, YA005283, YA005262, YA005889

	DYS19	DYS389I	DYS389II^*	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393
1	13	13	17	24	10	11	13
2	14	12	16	22	10	11	13
3	15	13	17	23	10	12	14
4	14	12	16	23	10	11	13
5	16	13	17	24	10	11	13
6	14	13	17	23	10	14	13
7	14	13	16	24	11	13	13
8	14	13	16	24	10	13	13
9	14	13	16	25	11	13	13
10	14	13	16	23	11	13	13
11	14	13	17	24	11	13	13
12	15	13	17	21	10	11	14
13	14	13	17	25	10	14	13
14	13	13	17	24	10	14	13
15	14	13	17	24	10	14	12
16	14	12	16	25	10	14	14
17	15	13	16	23	9	11	12
18	13	14	18	23	10	15	13
19	13	14	16	23	10	14	13
20	13	14	17	21	10	14	15
21	13	12	17	23	10	15	13
22	13	13	17	24	10	14	14
23	14	13	16	24	10	15	13
24	14	13	17	23	10	11	12
25	13	14	16	24	10	15	14
26	13	13	18	23	10	14	13
27	15	13	17	25	11	11	13
28	14	14	19	23	10	14	13
29	13	13	17	24	11	16	13
30	16	13	15	23	10	11	13
31	13	13	16	23	11	16	13
32	13	12	16	24	10	16	13
33	14	13	17	25	10	16	13

	DYS19	DYS389I	DYS389II^*	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393	DYS437	DYS438	DYS439	DYS448	DYS456	DYS458	DYS635	YGATAH4
1	13	14	17	24	10	14	14	15	10	13	21	16	17	22	11
2	15	12	17	22	10	11	14	16	10	11	21	15	16	20	12
3	13	14	16	24	10	15	14	15	11	11	18	15	14	22	10
4	14	13	16	23	11	13	13	15	12	11	19	16	17	23	12
5	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	14	12	12	18	15	17	23	11
6	13	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	12	19	15	16	22	11
7	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	15	12	12	19	16	16	23	12
8	14	13	16	23	10	14	13	14	12	12	19	17	17	22	11
9	15	13	16	23	9	11	12	14	10	11	21	15	18	22	11
10	14	13	16	25	11	14	13	15	12	12	18	17	17	23	12
11	14	12	16	23	10	11	13	16	10	11	20	14	16	21	11
12	15	13	16	23	9	11	12	14	10	11	21	15	19	23	12
13	14	13	16	24	10	13	13	15	12	12	19	15	17	23	12
14	13	13	17	24	10	16	13	14	11	12	20	16	17	22	12
15	13	13	17	23	10	14	13	14	11	12	21	15	14	22	12
16	16	13	17	25	10	11	13	14	11	10	20	16	15	23	12
17	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	15	12	12	19	16	18	23	12
18	13	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	11	19	17	15	23	11
19	14	12	16	22	10	11	13	16	10	11	20	14	15	22	11
20	12	13	18	25	10	14	13	14	11	13	19	17	15	22	11
21	13	13	17	24	10	11	13	14	10	12	20	16	16	22	12
22	15	13	17	23	10	12	14	14	10	11	20	15	15	21	11
23	13	13	17	24	10	14	14	15	11	11	20	16	16	22	11
24	13	14	19	24	10	13	13	14	11	13	20	15	17	23	13
25	14	14	16	23	11	14	14	14	10	10	19	14	17	21	12
26	16	13	17	21	10	11	14	14	11	12	21	15	17	21	11
27	16	13	16	23	10	11	13	14	10	11	20	15	17	22	11
28	14	14	18	23	10	14	13	14	12	11	19	15	17	22	12
29	13	12	17	23	10	15	13	14	11	13	20	15	17	23	12
30	13	13	16	23	11	16	13	14	11	12	19	15	16	25	10
31	13	12	17	24	9	14	13	14	11	13	20	17	16	22	11
32	13	13	17	24	10	15	14	14	11	11	19	17	16	22	12
33	13	14	16	23	10	14	13	14	11	13	21	15	15	22	12
34	14	13	16	23	10	11	12	14	9	11	20	15	15	21	12
35	14	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	11	19	15	15	22	12
36	14	12	16	25	10	14	14	14	11	12	20	15	15	22	12
37	13	14	16	24	9	11	13	14	10	10	20	16	18	21	12
38	13	14	18	23	10	15	13	15	12	10	20	15	15	22	13
39	13	12	17	24	10	16	13	14	11	12	20	15	17	23	13
40	13	14	17	21	10	14	15	14	11	11	19	15	17	22	11
41	14	14	16	24	10	15	13	14	11	13	19	14	17	22	12

	DYS19	DYS389I	DYS389II^*	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393
1	13	13	17	24	10	11	13
2	14	12	16	22	10	11	13
3	15	13	17	23	10	12	14
4	14	12	16	23	10	11	13
5	16	13	17	24	10	11	13
6	14	13	17	23	10	14	13
7	14	13	16	24	11	13	13
8	14	13	16	24	10	13	13
9	14	13	16	25	11	13	13
10	14	13	16	23	11	13	13
11	14	13	17	24	11	13	13
12	15	13	17	21	10	11	14
13	14	13	17	25	10	14	13
14	13	13	17	24	10	14	13
15	14	13	17	24	10	14	12
16	14	12	16	25	10	14	14
17	15	13	16	23	9	11	12
18	13	14	18	23	10	15	13
19	13	14	16	23	10	14	13
20	13	14	17	21	10	14	15
21	13	12	17	23	10	15	13
22	13	13	17	24	10	14	14
23	14	13	16	24	10	15	13
24	14	13	17	23	10	11	12
25	13	14	16	24	10	15	14
26	13	13	18	23	10	14	13
27	15	13	17	25	11	11	13
28	14	14	19	23	10	14	13
29	13	13	17	24	11	16	13
30	16	13	15	23	10	11	13
31	13	13	16	23	11	16	13
32	13	12	16	24	10	16	13
33	14	13	17	25	10	16	13

	DYS19	DYS389I	DYS389II^*	DYS390	DYS391	DYS392	DYS393	DYS437	DYS438	DYS439	DYS448	DYS456	DYS458	DYS635	YGATAH4
1	13	14	17	24	10	14	14	15	10	13	21	16	17	22	11
2	15	12	17	22	10	11	14	16	10	11	21	15	16	20	12
3	13	14	16	24	10	15	14	15	11	11	18	15	14	22	10
4	14	13	16	23	11	13	13	15	12	11	19	16	17	23	12
5	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	14	12	12	18	15	17	23	11
6	13	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	12	19	15	16	22	11
7	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	15	12	12	19	16	16	23	12
8	14	13	16	23	10	14	13	14	12	12	19	17	17	22	11
9	15	13	16	23	9	11	12	14	10	11	21	15	18	22	11
10	14	13	16	25	11	14	13	15	12	12	18	17	17	23	12
11	14	12	16	23	10	11	13	16	10	11	20	14	16	21	11
12	15	13	16	23	9	11	12	14	10	11	21	15	19	23	12
13	14	13	16	24	10	13	13	15	12	12	19	15	17	23	12
14	13	13	17	24	10	16	13	14	11	12	20	16	17	22	12
15	13	13	17	23	10	14	13	14	11	12	21	15	14	22	12
16	16	13	17	25	10	11	13	14	11	10	20	16	15	23	12
17	14	13	16	24	11	13	13	15	12	12	19	16	18	23	12
18	13	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	11	19	17	15	23	11
19	14	12	16	22	10	11	13	16	10	11	20	14	15	22	11
20	12	13	18	25	10	14	13	14	11	13	19	17	15	22	11
21	13	13	17	24	10	11	13	14	10	12	20	16	16	22	12
22	15	13	17	23	10	12	14	14	10	11	20	15	15	21	11
23	13	13	17	24	10	14	14	15	11	11	20	16	16	22	11
24	13	14	19	24	10	13	13	14	11	13	20	15	17	23	13
25	14	14	16	23	11	14	14	14	10	10	19	14	17	21	12
26	16	13	17	21	10	11	14	14	11	12	21	15	17	21	11
27	16	13	16	23	10	11	13	14	10	11	20	15	17	22	11
28	14	14	18	23	10	14	13	14	12	11	19	15	17	22	12
29	13	12	17	23	10	15	13	14	11	13	20	15	17	23	12
30	13	13	16	23	11	16	13	14	11	12	19	15	16	25	10
31	13	12	17	24	9	14	13	14	11	13	20	17	16	22	11
32	13	13	17	24	10	15	14	14	11	11	19	17	16	22	12
33	13	14	16	23	10	14	13	14	11	13	21	15	15	22	12
34	14	13	16	23	10	11	12	14	9	11	20	15	15	21	12
35	14	13	17	24	10	14	13	14	11	11	19	15	15	22	12
36	14	12	16	25	10	14	14	14	11	12	20	15	15	22	12
37	13	14	16	24	9	11	13	14	10	10	20	16	18	21	12
38	13	14	18	23	10	15	13	15	12	10	20	15	15	22	13
39	13	12	17	24	10	16	13	14	11	12	20	15	17	23	13
40	13	14	17	21	10	14	15	14	11	11	19	15	17	22	11
41	14	14	16	24	10	15	13	14	11	13	19	14	17	22	12