Metapopulations
The haplotype frequencies can be sensibly reported in groups of spatially distributed populations (Metapopulations) sharing a common ancestry and thus a similar pool of deep-rooting lineages. To describe the hierarchy of metapopulations we use a knowledge-based terminology, which incorporates linguistic, geographical and genetic resources, e.g. Eurasian-European–Western European or East Asian-Korean (see Willuweit and Roewer 2015 [PubMed] [DOI]).
Metapopulation substructure
Database composition
Metapopulation | Minimal | Y12 | Y17 | Y23 | Y27 | Ymax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eurasian | 123,763 Haplotypes | 99,942 Haplotypes | 90,260 Haplotypes | 34,890 Haplotypes | 17,869 Haplotypes | 5,395 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - European | 86,500 Haplotypes | 66,325 Haplotypes | 58,031 Haplotypes | 25,704 Haplotypes | 10,814 Haplotypes | 4,066 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - European - Western European | 39,150 Haplotypes | 30,156 Haplotypes | 28,971 Haplotypes | 15,499 Haplotypes | 4,637 Haplotypes | 1,551 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - European - Eastern European | 18,163 Haplotypes | 13,192 Haplotypes | 9,570 Haplotypes | 1,882 Haplotypes | 2,173 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - European - South-Eastern European | 10,053 Haplotypes | 7,947 Haplotypes | 7,070 Haplotypes | 3,510 Haplotypes | 1,032 Haplotypes | 97 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - Altaic | 17,334 Haplotypes | 15,387 Haplotypes | 14,513 Haplotypes | 2,450 Haplotypes | 5,089 Haplotypes | 1,039 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - Caucasian | 505 Haplotypes | 75 Haplotypes | 75 Haplotypes | 56 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - Uralic-Yukaghir | 1,626 Haplotypes | 1,478 Haplotypes | 1,365 Haplotypes | 1,288 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - Indo-Iranian | 8,459 Haplotypes | 7,830 Haplotypes | 7,430 Haplotypes | 980 Haplotypes | 726 Haplotypes | 153 Haplotypes |
Eurasian - Indian | 9,339 Haplotypes | 8,847 Haplotypes | 8,846 Haplotypes | 4,412 Haplotypes | 1,240 Haplotypes | 137 Haplotypes |
East Asian | 149,983 Haplotypes | 144,122 Haplotypes | 141,989 Haplotypes | 47,447 Haplotypes | 70,120 Haplotypes | 34,058 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Korean | 7,304 Haplotypes | 6,988 Haplotypes | 6,678 Haplotypes | 2,430 Haplotypes | 1,387 Haplotypes | 1,009 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Japanese | 2,303 Haplotypes | 1,909 Haplotypes | 1,909 Haplotypes | 323 Haplotypes | 1,316 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Sino-Tibetan | 116,605 Haplotypes | 112,640 Haplotypes | 111,816 Haplotypes | 33,477 Haplotypes | 56,113 Haplotypes | 26,550 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Sino-Tibetan - Tibeto-Burman | 17,360 Haplotypes | 15,515 Haplotypes | 15,509 Haplotypes | 6,697 Haplotypes | 7,510 Haplotypes | 5,031 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Sino-Tibetan - Chinese (Han) | 98,957 Haplotypes | 96,837 Haplotypes | 96,019 Haplotypes | 26,638 Haplotypes | 48,603 Haplotypes | 21,519 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Austro-Asiatic | 5,029 Haplotypes | 4,820 Haplotypes | 4,820 Haplotypes | 2,801 Haplotypes | 2,158 Haplotypes | 1,938 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Tai-Kadai | 8,763 Haplotypes | 8,692 Haplotypes | 8,191 Haplotypes | 3,315 Haplotypes | 5,872 Haplotypes | 2,018 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Austronesian | 3,960 Haplotypes | 3,083 Haplotypes | 3,083 Haplotypes | 1,654 Haplotypes | 199 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Indo-Pacific | 192 Haplotypes | 163 Haplotypes | 163 Haplotypes | 163 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
East Asian - Dravidian | 1,545 Haplotypes | 1,545 Haplotypes | 1,335 Haplotypes | 321 Haplotypes | 11 Haplotypes | 6 Haplotypes |
Australian Aboriginal | 785 Haplotypes | 785 Haplotypes | 785 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes | 743 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
African | 20,631 Haplotypes | 16,542 Haplotypes | 14,376 Haplotypes | 6,839 Haplotypes | 4,815 Haplotypes | 2,791 Haplotypes |
African - Sub-Saharan African | 6,976 Haplotypes | 5,979 Haplotypes | 5,739 Haplotypes | 2,328 Haplotypes | 2,144 Haplotypes | 447 Haplotypes |
African - African American | 13,237 Haplotypes | 10,445 Haplotypes | 8,637 Haplotypes | 4,511 Haplotypes | 2,671 Haplotypes | 2,344 Haplotypes |
Native American | 7,484 Haplotypes | 6,771 Haplotypes | 5,754 Haplotypes | 3,390 Haplotypes | 2,967 Haplotypes | 2,283 Haplotypes |
Eskimo Aleut | 670 Haplotypes | 600 Haplotypes | 516 Haplotypes | 289 Haplotypes | 189 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
Afro-Asiatic | 11,503 Haplotypes | 10,010 Haplotypes | 9,394 Haplotypes | 2,778 Haplotypes | 2,893 Haplotypes | 50 Haplotypes |
Afro-Asiatic - Semitic | 10,363 Haplotypes | 8,947 Haplotypes | 8,511 Haplotypes | 2,706 Haplotypes | 2,203 Haplotypes | 50 Haplotypes |
Afro-Asiatic - Berber | 647 Haplotypes | 570 Haplotypes | 414 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes | 293 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
Afro-Asiatic - Cushitic | 493 Haplotypes | 493 Haplotypes | 469 Haplotypes | 72 Haplotypes | 397 Haplotypes | 0 Haplotypes |
Admixed | 67,633 Haplotypes | 58,794 Haplotypes | 49,514 Haplotypes | 20,878 Haplotypes | 17,620 Haplotypes | 11,695 Haplotypes |
Admixed - U.S. African American | 11,164 Haplotypes | 8,928 Haplotypes | 7,120 Haplotypes | 3,289 Haplotypes | 2,588 Haplotypes | 2,261 Haplotypes |
Admixed - U.S. Asian American | 4,325 Haplotypes | 4,325 Haplotypes | 4,034 Haplotypes | 3,149 Haplotypes | 2,885 Haplotypes | 2,537 Haplotypes |
Admixed - U.S. Caucasian American | 12,657 Haplotypes | 10,894 Haplotypes | 8,488 Haplotypes | 3,625 Haplotypes | 2,775 Haplotypes | 2,418 Haplotypes |
Admixed - U.S. Hispanic American | 8,152 Haplotypes | 7,318 Haplotypes | 6,024 Haplotypes | 3,157 Haplotypes | 2,456 Haplotypes | 2,163 Haplotypes |
Admixed - U.S. Native American | 4,556 Haplotypes | 4,329 Haplotypes | 3,541 Haplotypes | 3,168 Haplotypes | 2,524 Haplotypes | 2,283 Haplotypes |