Information on the Afro-Asiatic Metapopulation

The Afro-Asiatic Metapopulation (Afro-Asiatic) consists of 11,503 haplotypes (at least minimal) which were published in 38 population studies and were additionally submitted via personal communication (21 submissions) .

Most common haplotypes

• Minimal
• Y12
• Y17
• Y23
• Y27
• Ymax

Population studies

• Dönbak L., Bajanowski T., Brinkmann B. and Hohoff C. (2006), 'Y-STR haplotypes in populations from the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.', Int J Legal Med 120(6):395-6 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Palet L., Coudray C., Galey C., Keyser C., Melhaoui M., Gagnor C., Sabatier M. and Dugoujon JM. (2010), 'Y-STR genetic diversity in Moroccans from the Figuig oasis.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(5):e139-41 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Manni F., Leonardi P., Barakat A., Rouba H., Heyer E., Klintschar M., McElreavey K. and Quintana-Murci L. (2002), 'Y-chromosome analysis in Egypt suggests a genetic regional continuity in Northeastern Africa.', Hum Biol 74(5):645-58 [PubMed]
• Robino C., Crobu F., Gaetano D., Bekada A., Benhamamouch S., Cerutti N., Piazza A., Inturri S. and Torre C. (2008), 'Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample.', Int J Legal Med 122(3):251-5 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Triki-Fendri S., Sánchez-Diz P., Rey-González D., Ayadi I., Alfadhli S., Rebai A. and Á C. (2013), 'Population genetics of 17 Y-STR markers in West Libya (Tripoli region).', Forensic Sci Int Genet 7(3):e59-61 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Cherni L., Pereira L., Goios A., Loueslati BY., El K., Gomes I., Gusmão L., Alves C., Slama A., Amorim A. and Elgaaied AB. (2005), 'Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three ethnic groups and one cosmopolitan population from Tunisia.', Forensic Sci Int 152(1):95-9 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Aboukhalid R., Bouabdellah M., Abbassi M., Bentayebi K., Elmzibri M., Squalli D. and Amzazi S. (2010), 'Haplotype frequencies for 17 Y-STR loci (AmpFlSTRY-filer) in a Moroccan population sample.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(3):e73-4 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Roewer L., Willuweit S., Stoneking M. and Nasidze I. (2009), 'A Y-STR database of Iranian and Azerbaijanian minority populations.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(1):e53-5 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Triki-Fendri S., Alfadhli S., Ayadi I., Kharrat N., Ayadi H. and Rebai A. (2010), 'Genetic structure of Kuwaiti population revealed by Y-STR diversity.', Ann Hum Biol 37(6):827-35 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Taqi Z., Alenizi M., Alenizi H., Ismael S., Dukhyil AA., Nazir M., Sanqoor S., Harbi A., Al-Jaber J., Theyab J., Moura-Neto RS. and Budowle B. (2015), 'Population genetics of 23 Y-STR markers in Kuwaiti population.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 16:203-204 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Ayadi I., Ammar-Keskes L. and Rebai A. (2006), 'Haplotypes for 13 Y-chromosomal STR loci in South Tunisian population (Sfax region).', Forensic Sci Int 164(2-3):249-53 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Laouina A., Houate E., Yahia H., Azeddoug H., Boulouiz R. and Chbel F. (2011), 'Allele frequencies and population data for 17 Y-STR loci (The AmpFlSTR® Y-filer™) in Casablanca resident population.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 5(1):e1-3 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Mahasneh IA. and Zuriegat QH. (2019), 'Genetic Profiling of the Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) of Y-Chromosome of Populations of South Jordan', Journal of Forensic Medicine 4(1): 127
• Alshamali F., Pereira L., Budowle B., Poloni ES. and Currat M. (2009), 'Local population structure in Arabian Peninsula revealed by Y-STR diversity.', Hum Hered 68(1):45-54 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Fernandes AT., Gonçalves R., Gomes S., Filon D., Nebel A., Faerman M. and Brehm A. (2011), 'Y-chromosomal STRs in two populations from Israel and the Palestinian Authority Area: Christian and Muslim Arabs.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 5(5):561-2 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Piatek J., Ossowski A., Parafiniuk M., Pudlo A., Jasionowicz K., Jalowinska K., Niemcunowicz-Janica A., Konarzewska M. and Pepinski W. (2012), 'Y-chromosomal haplotypes for the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit in a population sample of Bedouins residing in the area of the Fourth Nile Cataract.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 6(6):e176-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Elmrghni S., Coulson-Thomas YM., Kaddura M., Dixon RA. and Williams DR. (2012), 'Population genetic data for 17 Y STR markers from Benghazi (East Libya).', Forensic Sci Int Genet 6(2):224-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Fadhlaoui-Zid K., Garcia-Bertrand R., Alfonso-Sánchez MA., Zemni R., Benammar-Elgaaied A. and Herrera RJ. (2015), 'Sousse: extreme genetic heterogeneity in North Africa.', J Hum Genet 60(1):41-9 [DOI]
• Purps J., Siegert S., Willuweit S., Nagy M., Alves C., Salazar R., Angustia SM., Santos LH., Anslinger K., Bayer B., Ayub Q., Wei W., Xue Y., Tyler-Smith C., Bafalluy MB., Martínez-Jarreta B., Egyed B., Balitzki B., Tschumi S., Ballard D., Court DS., Barrantes X., Bäßler G., Wiest T., Berger B., Niederstätter H., Parson W., Davis C., Budowle B., Burri H., Borer U., Koller C., Carvalho EF., Domingues PM., Chamoun WT., Coble MD., Hill CR., Corach D., Caputo M., D'Amato ME., Davison S., Decorte R., Larmuseau MH., Ottoni C., Rickards O., Lu D., Jiang C., Dobosz T., Jonkisz A., Frank WE., Furac I., Gehrig C., Castella V., Grskovic B., Haas C., Wobst J., Hadzic G., Drobnic K., Honda K., Hou Y., Zhou D., Li Y., Hu S., Chen S., Immel UD., Lessig R., Jakovski Z., Ilievska T., Klann AE., García CC., Knijff D., Kraaijenbrink T., Kondili A., Miniati P., Vouropoulou M., Kovacevic L., Marjanovic D., Lindner I., Mansour I., Al-Azem M., Andari AE., Marino M., Furfuro S., Locarno L., Martín P., Luque GM., Alonso A., Miranda LS., Moreira H., Mizuno N., Iwashima Y., Neto RS., Nogueira TL., Silva R., Nastainczyk-Wulf M., Edelmann J., Kohl M., Nie S., Wang X., Cheng B., Núñez C., Pancorbo MM., Olofsson JK., Morling N., Onofri V., Tagliabracci A., Pamjav H., Volgyi A., Barany G., Pawlowski R., Maciejewska A., Pelotti S., Pepinski W., Abreu-Glowacka M., Phillips C., Cárdenas J., Rey-Gonzalez D., Salas A., Brisighelli F., Capelli C., Toscanini U., Piccinini A., Piglionica M., Baldassarra SL., Ploski R., Konarzewska M., Jastrzebska E., Robino C., Sajantila A., Palo JU., Guevara E., Salvador J., Ungria MC., Rodriguez JJ., Schmidt U., Schlauderer N., Saukko P., Schneider PM., Sirker M., Shin KJ., Oh YN., Skitsa I., Ampati A., Smith TG., Calvit LS., Stenzl V., Capal T., Tillmar A., Nilsson H., Turrina S., Leo D., Verzeletti A., Cortellini V., Wetton JH., Gwynne GM., Jobling MA., Whittle MR., Sumita DR., Wolańska-Nowak P., Yong RY., Krawczak M., Nothnagel M. and Roewer L. (2014), 'A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 12:12-23 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Xu H., Wang CC., Shrestha R., Wang LX., Zhang M., He Y., Kidd JR., Kidd KK., Jin L. and Li H. (2015), 'Inferring population structure and demographic history using Y‐STR data from worldwide populations', Mol Genet Genomics 290(1):141-50 [DOI]
• Nazir M., Alhaddad H., Alenizi M., Alenizi H., Taqi Z., Sanqoor S., Alrazouqi A., Hassan A., Alfalasi R., Gaur S., Jaber A., Ziab J., Al-Harbi E., Moura-Neto RS. and Budowle B. (2016), 'A genetic overview of 23Y-STR markers in UAE population.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 23:150-152 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Zeyad T., Adam A., Alghafri R. and Iratni R. (2020), 'Study of 27 Y-STR markers in United Arab Emirates population', Forensic Science International: Reports 2:100057 [DOI]
• Iacovacci G., D’Atanasio E., Marini O., Coppa A., Sellitto D., Trombetta B., Berti A. and Cruciani F. (2017), 'Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries', Forensic Science International: Genetics 27:123-31 [DOI]
• Dogan S., Gurkan C., Dogan M., Balkaya HE., Tunc R., Demirdov DK., Ameen NA. and Marjanovic D. (2017), 'A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis', PLoS ONE 12(11):e0187408 [DOI]
• Khubrani YM., Wetton JH. and Jobling MA. (2017), 'Extensive geographical and social structure in the paternal lineages of Saudi Arabia revealed by analysis of 27 Y-STRs', Forensic Science International Genetics 33:98-105
• Al-Zubaidi MM., Nader MI., Sabbah MA., Mohammed EG., Mahmood HK., Hasan DH., Salih KM., Ramadhan AT., Sadeq AH., Nassief SS. and Khlewee MA. (2019), 'Estimation of Allele and Haplotype Frequencies for 17 YSTR Markers in the Diyala Arab Population', Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology 18(1):67-76
• D’Atanasio E., Iacovacci G., Pistillo R., Bonito M., Dugoujon JM., Moral P., El-Chennawi F., Melhaoui M., Baali A., Cherkaoui M., Sellitto D., Trombetta B., Berti A. and Cruciani F. (2018), 'Rapidly mutating Y-STRs in rapidly expanding populations: Discrimination power of the Yfiler Plus multiplex in northern Africa', Forensic Science International Genetics 38:185-94 [DOI]
• Al-Snan NR., Messaoudi SA., Khubrani YM., Wetton JH., Jobling MA. and Bakhiet M. (2020), 'Geographical structuring and low diversity of paternal lineages in Bahrain shown by analysis of 27 Y-STRs', Molecular Genetics and Genomics 295:1315–24 [DOI]
• Lazim H., Almohammed EK., Hadi S. and Smith J. (2020), 'Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula', Scientific Reports 10:15289 [Link] [DOI]
• Mahmood HK., Salman NF., Salih KM., Hasan DH. and Al-Zubaidi MM. (2020), 'Frequency of Y-chromosome STRs using PowerPlex® Y23 System in Iraqi population', Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 10(12): [DOI]
• Bini C., Sarno S., Tangorra E., Iuvaro A., DeFanti S., Tseghereda YG., Pelotti S. and Luiselli D. (2021), 'Haplotype data and forensic evaluation of 23 Y-STR and 12 X-STR loci in eight ethnic groups from Eritrea', Int J Legal Med 135(2):449-453 [DOI]
• Almohammed EK., Hadi A., Al-Asmakh M. and Lazim H. (2023), 'The Qatari population’s genetic structure and gene flow as revealed by the Y chromosome', PLoS ONE 18(9): e0290844 [Link] [DOI]
• Haddish K., Chierto E., Vella D., Lacerenza D., Raddi S., Aneli S., Bogale AL., Kidane E., Yizengaw A., Getaneh Y., Tewelemedhin G., Kumar HRS. and Robino C. (2021), 'A reference database of forensic autosomal and gonosomal STR markers in the Tigray population of Ethiopia', For Sci Int Genet 56:102618 [DOI]
• Ferragut JF., Ramon C., Castro JA., Amorim A., Alvarez L. and Picornell A. (2020), 'Middle eastern genetic legacy in the paternal and maternal gene pools of Chuetas', Scientific Reports 10:21428 [DOI]
• Moutsouri I., Keravnou A., Manoli P., Bertoncini S., Michailidou K., Christofi V., Xenophontos S., Cariolou MA. and Bashiardes E. (2021), 'Comparative Y-chromosome analysis Cypriots in the context of historical events and migrations', PLoS ONE 16(8):e0255140 [DOI]
• Mertens G., Jehaes E., Leijnen G., Rand S., Jacobs W. and Marck V. (2007), 'Twelve-locus Y-STR haplotypes in the Flemish population.', J Forensic Sci 52(3):755-7 [PubMed]
• Ottoni C., Larmuseau MH., Vanderheyden N., Martínez-Labarga C., Primativo G., Biondi G., Decorte R. and Rickards O. (2011), 'Deep into the roots of the Libyan Tuareg: a genetic survey of their paternal heritage.', Am J Phys Anthropol 145(1):118-24 [PubMed] [DOI]
• Hallenberg C., Simonsen B., Sanchez J. and Morling N. (2005), 'Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in Somalis.', Forensic Sci Int 151(2-3):317-21 [PubMed] [DOI]

Personal communications