Mutation Rates

Marker Combined Mutationrate References
DYS19 2.14e-03 (44 in 20605) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Tsai2002, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Kayser2000, Heyer1997, Dupuy2004, Bianchi1998, Budowle2005, Dupuy2001, Pestoni1999, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Sergey Kravchenko(1), Ludmila A. Livshits (1), Svetlana A. Limborska(2), Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS389I 2.39e-03 (45 in 18849) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Tsai2002, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Kayser2000, Dupuy2004, Bianchi1998, Budowle2005, Dupuy2001, Pestoni1999, Lessig1998, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Sergey Kravchenko(1), Ludmila A. Livshits (1), Svetlana A. Limborska(2), Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS389II 4.60e-03 (87 in 18902) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Tsai2002, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Kayser2000, Dupuy2004, Bianchi1998, Budowle2005, Dupuy2001, Pestoni1999, Lessig1998, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Sergey Kravchenko(1), Ludmila A. Livshits (1), Svetlana A. Limborska(2), Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS390 1.95e-03 (38 in 19483) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Tsai2002, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Kayser2000, Heyer1997, Dupuy2004, Bianchi1998, Budowle2005, Dupuy2001, Pestoni1999, Lessig1998, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Sergey Kravchenko(1), Ludmila A. Livshits (1), Svetlana A. Limborska(2), Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS391 2.35e-03 (47 in 19997) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Tsai2002, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Kayser2000, Heyer1997, Dupuy2004, Bianchi1998, Budowle2005, Dupuy2001, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Sergey Kravchenko(1), Ludmila A. Livshits (1), Svetlana A. Limborska(2), Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS392 5.02e-04 (10 in 19925) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Tsai2002, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Kayser2000, Heyer1997, Dupuy2004, Bianchi1998, Budowle2005, Dupuy2001, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Sergey Kravchenko(1), Ludmila A. Livshits (1), Svetlana A. Limborska(2), Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS393 1.28e-03 (24 in 18775) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Tsai2002, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Kayser2000, Heyer1997, Dupuy2004, Bianchi1998, Budowle2005, Dupuy2001, Pestoni1999, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Sergey Kravchenko(1), Ludmila A. Livshits (1), Svetlana A. Limborska(2), Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS385 2.81e-03 (98 in 34848) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Tsai2002, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Kayser2000, Heyer1997, Dupuy2004, Budowle2005, Dupuy2001, Lessig1998, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Sergey Kravchenko(1), Ludmila A. Livshits (1), Svetlana A. Limborska(2), Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS439 4.95e-03 (75 in 15161) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Budowle2005, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS438 3.29e-04 (5 in 15183) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Budowle2005, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS437 1.25e-03 (19 in 15158) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Goedbloed2009, Hohoff2007, Lee2007, Domingues2007, Decker2008, Ballard2005a, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Budowle2005, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS456 4.18e-03 (49 in 11730) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Goedbloed2009, Lee2007, Decker2008, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS458 7.00e-03 (82 in 11712) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Goedbloed2009, Lee2007, Decker2008, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS635 4.37e-03 (55 in 12586) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Goedbloed2009, Lee2007, Decker2008, Gusmão2005, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
YGATAH4 2.43e-03 (31 in 12768) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Goedbloed2009, Lee2007, Decker2008, Kurihara2004, Gusmão2005, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS448 1.28e-03 (15 in 11733) Pontes2007, Sánchez-Diz2008, Turrina2006, Berger2005, Goedbloed2009, Lee2007, Decker2008, Ge2009, Adnan2018, Laouina2013, Bugoye2018, Petrovic2018, Mertoglu2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Landeskriminalamt BW; FB230 - Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS576 1.20e-02 (81 in 6739) Ballantyne2010, LiYuan2018, Petrovic2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS481 4.48e-03 (28 in 6254) Ballantyne2010, Petrovic2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS549 3.99e-03 (24 in 6019) Ballantyne2010, Petrovic2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Lee2023, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS533 2.56e-03 (16 in 6247) Ballantyne2010, Petrovic2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS570 9.16e-03 (59 in 6440) Ballantyne2010, LiYuan2018, Petrovic2018, Lin2020, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022, Lee2023, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS643 9.14e-04 (5 in 5470) Ballantyne2010, Petrovic2018, Ambrosio2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Lee2023, Maria Seidel, Josephine Purps, Patricia Entz, Carmen Krüger, Petra Otremba, Marion Nagy, Lutz Roewer, Chris Tyler-Smith, Wei Wei, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Qamar R, Zerjal T, Helgason A, Mehdi SQ, Sheila Marie Tabulina Angustia
DYS627 1.46e-02 (71 in 4856) Ballantyne2010, LiYuan2018, Lin2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022
DYS460 5.12e-03 (23 in 4489) Ballantyne2010, Lin2020, Fu2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022
DYS518 1.14e-02 (53 in 4643) Ballantyne2010, LiYuan2018, Lin2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022
DYS449 9.98e-03 (47 in 4710) Ballantyne2010, LiYuan2018, Lin2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022
DYF387S1 7.64e-03 (52 in 6803) Ballantyne2010, LiYuan2018, Lin2020, Fan2020a, FanH2021, Otagiri2022
* See FAQ/Glossary (http://yhrd.org/pages/faq) for further explanations of abbreviated terms used here