Information on the Afro-Asiatic - Semitic Metapopulation

The Semitic Metapopulation (Afro-Asiatic - Semitic) consists of 10,363 haplotypes (at least minimal) which were published in 35 population studies and were additionally submitted via personal communication (19 submissions) .

Most common haplotypes

Count DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS385
340 14 13 30 23 11 11 12 13,19
239 14 13 30 23 11 11 12 13,18
153 14 13 30 23 10 11 12 13,18
151 13 14 30 24 9 11 13 13,14
134 14 13 29 23 11 11 12 13,18
112 14 13 29 23 11 11 12 13,19
85 13 14 30 24 9 11 13 13,15
69 14 13 30 23 10 11 12 13,19
64 14 13 30 23 11 11 12 13,20
61 15 13 29 23 9 11 12 13,16
Count DYS391 DYS389I DYS439 DYS389II DYS438 DYS437 DYS19 DYS392 DYS393 DYS390 DYS385
255 11 13 11 30 10 14 14 11 12 23 13,19
166 11 13 11 30 10 14 14 11 12 23 13,18
103 9 14 10 30 10 14 13 11 13 24 13,14
99 11 13 11 29 10 14 14 11 12 23 13,18
95 10 13 11 30 10 14 14 11 12 23 13,18
71 11 13 11 29 10 14 14 11 12 23 13,19
53 9 14 10 30 10 14 13 11 13 24 13,15
49 10 13 11 30 10 14 14 11 12 23 13,19
48 12 13 11 30 10 14 14 11 12 23 13,19
45 11 13 11 30 10 14 14 11 12 23 13,20
Count DYS456 DYS389I DYS390 DYS389II DYS458 DYS19 DYS385 DYS393 DYS391 DYS439 DYS635 DYS392 YGATAH4 DYS437 DYS438 DYS448
120 14 13 23 30 18.2 14 13,19 12 11 11 21 11 11 14 10 20
46 14 13 23 30 18.2 14 13,18 12 11 11 21 11 11 14 10 20
45 14 13 23 30 19.2 14 13,19 12 11 11 21 11 11 14 10 20
26 14 13 23 29 18.2 14 13,18 12 11 11 21 11 11 14 10 20
24 15 13 23 29 15 15 13,16 12 9 11 21 11 12 15 9 21
21 14 13 23 30 19.2 14 13,18 12 11 11 21 11 11 14 10 20
19 14 13 23 30 18.2 14 13,20 12 11 11 21 11 11 14 10 20
18 14 13 23 30 18.2 14 13,19 12 10 11 21 11 11 14 10 20
18 14 13 23 30 18.2 14 13,19 12 12 11 21 11 11 14 10 20
18 15 14 23 31 17 14 14,16 13 10 11 21 13 11 14 9 19
Count DYS576 DYS389I DYS448 DYS389II DYS19 DYS391 DYS481 DYS549 DYS533 DYS438 DYS437 DYS570 DYS635 DYS390 DYS439 DYS392 DYS643 DYS393 DYS458 DYS385 DYS456 YGATAH4
13 16 13 21 29 15 9 22 13 12 9 14 16 23 23 12 11 10 12 14 13,16 15 12
11 18 13 20 29 14 10 22 13 12 11 15 15 23 25 12 13 10 12 16 12,14 17 11
11 20 13 20 29 14 11 26 12 11 10 14 18 21 23 12 11 9 12 18.2 13,13 15 11
8 18 13 20 29 14 11 25 12 11 10 14 17 21 22 11 11 9 12 19.2 13,19 13 11
7 18 13 20 29 14 10 22 13 12 11 15 15 23 25 11 13 10 12 16 12,14 17 11
6 16 13 21 29 14 10 23 13 11 9 15 19 23 23 11 11 10 13 15 13,17 17 12
6 16 14 19 31 14 10 22 13 11 9 14 17 21 23 11 13 10 13 17 14,16 15 11
6 17 14 20 31 14 10 25 12 12 10 14 18 20 23 11 11 9 12 18.2 13,18 14 11
6 18 13 20 30 14 11 26 13 11 10 14 18 21 23 11 11 9 12 19.2 13,18 14 11
5 17 14 20 31 14 10 22 13 11 10 14 20 20 24 12 11 13 13 16 18,19 15 12
Count DYS576 DYS389I DYS635 DYS389II DYS627 DYS460 DYS458 DYS19 YGATAH4 DYS448 DYS391 DYS456 DYS390 DYS438 DYS392 DYS518 DYS570 DYS437 DYS385 DYS449 DYS393 DYS439 DYS481 DYF387S1 DYS533
13 16 13 23 29 20 11 14 15 12 21 9 15 23 9 11 38 16 14 13,16 31 12 12 22 37,39 12
11 18 13 23 29 21 10 16 14 11 20 10 17 25 11 13 40 15 15 12,14 29 12 12 22 35,36 12
11 20 13 21 29 21 10 18.2 14 11 20 11 15 23 10 11 40 18 14 13,13 25 12 12 26 37,38 11
10 16 13 21 29 19 10 15 15 12 21 9 15 23 9 11 39 16 15 13,16 30 12 11 22 39,39 12
7 18 13 23 29 21 10 16 14 11 20 10 17 25 11 13 40 15 15 12,14 29 12 11 22 35,36 12
5 15 12 21 28 23 9 17 15 11 23 10 15 22 10 11 36 17 16 13,14 27 14 11 23 38,39 10
5 19 13 21 29 21 10 16 15 12 21 10 15 23 10 11 36 17 15 13,16 32 13 11 21 38,38 10
4 16 13 24 29 21 10 16 14 12 21 10 15 23 9 11 38 18 15 13,17 32 12 14 23 38,41 11
4 16 14 21 31 20 10 15 14 10 19 11 16 22 9 11 39 16 15 12,12 30 12 11 22 38,43 11
4 17 13 23 29 21 10 16 14 11 20 10 17 25 11 13 40 15 15 12,14 29 12 12 22 35,36 12
Count DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS385 DYS439 DYS438 DYS437 DYS456 DYS458 DYS635 YGATAH4 DYS448 DYS576 DYS481 DYS549 DYS533 DYS570 DYS643 DYS627 DYS460 DYS518 DYS449 DYF387S1
13 15 13 29 23 9 11 12 13,16 12 9 14 15 14 23 12 21 16 22 13 12 16 10 20 11 38 31 37,39
11 14 13 29 23 11 11 12 13,13 12 10 14 15 18.2 21 11 20 20 26 12 11 18 9 21 10 40 25 37,38
11 14 13 29 25 10 13 12 12,14 12 11 15 17 16 23 11 20 18 22 13 12 15 10 21 10 40 29 35,36
7 14 13 29 25 10 13 12 12,14 11 11 15 17 16 23 11 20 18 22 13 12 15 10 21 10 40 29 35,36
4 14 13 29 23 11 11 12 13,18 12 10 14 15 18.2 21 11 20 20 26 12 11 18 9 21 10 40 25 37,38
4 14 13 29 25 10 13 12 12,14 12 11 15 17 16 23 11 20 17 22 13 12 15 10 21 10 40 29 35,36

Discrete-Laplace frequency estimation (Minimal)

Release
R69
Loci included
DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II*, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393
Central haplotypes
34
EM converged
true
EM iterations
31
GLM method
internal_coef
Init method
pam
Threshold frequency
1 in 442,465
Per locus details
DL centers distribution (download PDF)
Table of haplotype centers (click to show/hide)
DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II* DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393
1 13 12 17 23 10 11 13
2 13 13 17 24 10 11 13
3 13 13 18 24 10 11 13
4 14 14 16 23 10 11 14
5 14 14 17 23 10 13 13
6 14 14 17 24 10 11 13
7 14 12 16 22 10 14 11
8 14 13 16 23 10 11 12
9 14 13 16 24 11 13 12
10 14 13 16 25 10 11 13
11 14 13 17 23 10 11 12
12 14 13 15 24 10 14 12
13 14 13 16 23 11 11 12
14 15 13 16 24 10 13 13
15 15 13 17 23 10 11 13
16 14 13 17 23 11 11 12
17 14 13 18 23 10 11 12
18 14 14 16 23 10 11 12
19 14 14 16 23 10 13 13
20 15 12 17 22 10 11 14
21 15 12 16 24 10 11 12
22 15 13 17 21 9 11 13
23 15 13 16 23 9 11 12
24 13 13 16 24 9 11 13
25 15 13 17 21 10 11 13
26 15 13 18 25 10 11 13
27 16 13 17 21 10 11 15
28 16 13 17 25 11 11 13
29 13 14 16 24 9 11 13
30 14 13 17 24 10 11 12
31 14 13 16 22 11 11 12
32 14 13 17 23 12 11 12
33 13 13 16 22 10 15 13
34 11 13 18 24 10 12 13

Discrete-Laplace frequency estimation (Y17)

Release
R69
Loci included
DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II*, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, YGATAH4
Central haplotypes
36
EM converged
true
EM iterations
53
GLM method
internal_coef
Init method
pam
Threshold frequency
1 in 492,618,603
Per locus details
DL centers distribution (download PDF)
Table of haplotype centers (click to show/hide)
DYS19 DYS389I DYS389II* DYS390 DYS391 DYS392 DYS393 DYS437 DYS438 DYS439 DYS448 DYS456 DYS458 DYS635 YGATAH4
1 15 13 17 21 10 11 13 14 11 12 21 15 17 21 12
2 16 13 17 21 10 11 14 14 11 12 21 16 16 21 11
3 14 13 18 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 15 18 21 11
4 14 13 17 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 15 16 20 12
5 13 13 17 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 16 15 22 12
6 13 12 17 23 10 11 13 14 10 10 20 15 14 21 11
7 13 14 16 24 9 11 13 14 10 10 20 16 18 21 12
8 14 14 16 23 10 13 13 14 9 11 19 15 17 21 11
9 13 14 16 24 9 11 13 14 10 10 20 16 17 21 12
10 14 13 17 23 10 11 12 15 9 12 20 15 15 21 12
11 14 13 16 23 10 11 12 15 9 11 20 15 17 22 11
12 14 13 17 24 10 11 12 15 9 12 19 16 18 21 11
13 14 13 16 23 10 11 12 15 9 12 21 15 16 22 11
14 15 13 16 24 10 13 13 14 11 12 19 15 17 23 12
15 16 13 17 25 11 11 13 14 11 10 20 16 15 23 12
16 14 13 16 24 11 13 12 15 12 12 19 15 16 23 12
17 13 13 16 22 10 15 13 14 11 12 19 15 17 22 10
18 15 13 17 21 9 11 13 16 10 12 21 15 17 19 11
19 14 13 17 23 11 11 12 14 10 11 20 14 19 21 11
20 14 14 16 24 10 11 14 14 10 10 20 15 16 21 12
21 14 13 16 23 11 11 12 14 10 11 20 14 19 21 11
22 15 12 16 22 10 11 14 16 10 11 21 15 16 21 12
23 14 13 16 25 10 13 12 15 11 12 20 17 16 23 11
24 15 12 16 24 10 11 12 14 9 12 19 14 17 21 11
25 13 13 18 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 20 15 17 22 11
26 15 13 17 25 10 11 13 14 11 10 20 15 16 23 13
27 14 14 16 23 10 10 14 15 11 11 19 15 17 25 12
28 14 12 16 22 10 14 11 15 10 12 19 15 15 24 12
29 15 13 16 23 9 11 12 15 9 11 21 15 15 21 12
30 15 12 17 22 10 11 14 16 10 11 21 15 17 21 11
31 14 13 16 26 10 12 14 15 10 11 19 15 17 23 12
32 15 13 16 23 10 14 12 16 10 12 19 15 17 22 11
33 14 13 16 23 10 11 12 15 9 11 21 15 16 24 11
34 15 13 18 24 10 11 13 14 10 12 21 13 17 17 11
35 14 13 18 23 10 11 14 14 10 11 18 11 16 20 11
36 11 13 18 24 10 12 13 14 12 11 21 15 13 21 12

* Please note that DYS389I was substracted from DYS389II

Population studies

  • Dönbak L., Bajanowski T., Brinkmann B. and Hohoff C. (2006), 'Y-STR haplotypes in populations from the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.', Int J Legal Med 120(6):395-6 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Palet L., Coudray C., Galey C., Keyser C., Melhaoui M., Gagnor C., Sabatier M. and Dugoujon JM. (2010), 'Y-STR genetic diversity in Moroccans from the Figuig oasis.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(5):e139-41 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Manni F., Leonardi P., Barakat A., Rouba H., Heyer E., Klintschar M., McElreavey K. and Quintana-Murci L. (2002), 'Y-chromosome analysis in Egypt suggests a genetic regional continuity in Northeastern Africa.', Hum Biol 74(5):645-58 [PubMed]
  • Robino C., Crobu F., Gaetano D., Bekada A., Benhamamouch S., Cerutti N., Piazza A., Inturri S. and Torre C. (2008), 'Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample.', Int J Legal Med 122(3):251-5 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Triki-Fendri S., Sánchez-Diz P., Rey-González D., Ayadi I., Alfadhli S., Rebai A. and Á C. (2013), 'Population genetics of 17 Y-STR markers in West Libya (Tripoli region).', Forensic Sci Int Genet 7(3):e59-61 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Cherni L., Pereira L., Goios A., Loueslati BY., El K., Gomes I., Gusmão L., Alves C., Slama A., Amorim A. and Elgaaied AB. (2005), 'Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three ethnic groups and one cosmopolitan population from Tunisia.', Forensic Sci Int 152(1):95-9 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Aboukhalid R., Bouabdellah M., Abbassi M., Bentayebi K., Elmzibri M., Squalli D. and Amzazi S. (2010), 'Haplotype frequencies for 17 Y-STR loci (AmpFlSTRY-filer) in a Moroccan population sample.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(3):e73-4 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Roewer L., Willuweit S., Stoneking M. and Nasidze I. (2009), 'A Y-STR database of Iranian and Azerbaijanian minority populations.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 4(1):e53-5 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Triki-Fendri S., Alfadhli S., Ayadi I., Kharrat N., Ayadi H. and Rebai A. (2010), 'Genetic structure of Kuwaiti population revealed by Y-STR diversity.', Ann Hum Biol 37(6):827-35 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Taqi Z., Alenizi M., Alenizi H., Ismael S., Dukhyil AA., Nazir M., Sanqoor S., Harbi A., Al-Jaber J., Theyab J., Moura-Neto RS. and Budowle B. (2015), 'Population genetics of 23 Y-STR markers in Kuwaiti population.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 16:203-204 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Ayadi I., Ammar-Keskes L. and Rebai A. (2006), 'Haplotypes for 13 Y-chromosomal STR loci in South Tunisian population (Sfax region).', Forensic Sci Int 164(2-3):249-53 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Laouina A., Houate E., Yahia H., Azeddoug H., Boulouiz R. and Chbel F. (2011), 'Allele frequencies and population data for 17 Y-STR loci (The AmpFlSTR® Y-filer™) in Casablanca resident population.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 5(1):e1-3 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Mahasneh IA. and Zuriegat QH. (2019), 'Genetic Profiling of the Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) of Y-Chromosome of Populations of South Jordan', Journal of Forensic Medicine 4(1): 127
  • Alshamali F., Pereira L., Budowle B., Poloni ES. and Currat M. (2009), 'Local population structure in Arabian Peninsula revealed by Y-STR diversity.', Hum Hered 68(1):45-54 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Fernandes AT., Gonçalves R., Gomes S., Filon D., Nebel A., Faerman M. and Brehm A. (2011), 'Y-chromosomal STRs in two populations from Israel and the Palestinian Authority Area: Christian and Muslim Arabs.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 5(5):561-2 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Piatek J., Ossowski A., Parafiniuk M., Pudlo A., Jasionowicz K., Jalowinska K., Niemcunowicz-Janica A., Konarzewska M. and Pepinski W. (2012), 'Y-chromosomal haplotypes for the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit in a population sample of Bedouins residing in the area of the Fourth Nile Cataract.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 6(6):e176-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Elmrghni S., Coulson-Thomas YM., Kaddura M., Dixon RA. and Williams DR. (2012), 'Population genetic data for 17 Y STR markers from Benghazi (East Libya).', Forensic Sci Int Genet 6(2):224-7 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Fadhlaoui-Zid K., Garcia-Bertrand R., Alfonso-Sánchez MA., Zemni R., Benammar-Elgaaied A. and Herrera RJ. (2015), 'Sousse: extreme genetic heterogeneity in North Africa.', J Hum Genet 60(1):41-9 [DOI]
  • Purps J., Siegert S., Willuweit S., Nagy M., Alves C., Salazar R., Angustia SM., Santos LH., Anslinger K., Bayer B., Ayub Q., Wei W., Xue Y., Tyler-Smith C., Bafalluy MB., Martínez-Jarreta B., Egyed B., Balitzki B., Tschumi S., Ballard D., Court DS., Barrantes X., Bäßler G., Wiest T., Berger B., Niederstätter H., Parson W., Davis C., Budowle B., Burri H., Borer U., Koller C., Carvalho EF., Domingues PM., Chamoun WT., Coble MD., Hill CR., Corach D., Caputo M., D'Amato ME., Davison S., Decorte R., Larmuseau MH., Ottoni C., Rickards O., Lu D., Jiang C., Dobosz T., Jonkisz A., Frank WE., Furac I., Gehrig C., Castella V., Grskovic B., Haas C., Wobst J., Hadzic G., Drobnic K., Honda K., Hou Y., Zhou D., Li Y., Hu S., Chen S., Immel UD., Lessig R., Jakovski Z., Ilievska T., Klann AE., García CC., Knijff D., Kraaijenbrink T., Kondili A., Miniati P., Vouropoulou M., Kovacevic L., Marjanovic D., Lindner I., Mansour I., Al-Azem M., Andari AE., Marino M., Furfuro S., Locarno L., Martín P., Luque GM., Alonso A., Miranda LS., Moreira H., Mizuno N., Iwashima Y., Neto RS., Nogueira TL., Silva R., Nastainczyk-Wulf M., Edelmann J., Kohl M., Nie S., Wang X., Cheng B., Núñez C., Pancorbo MM., Olofsson JK., Morling N., Onofri V., Tagliabracci A., Pamjav H., Volgyi A., Barany G., Pawlowski R., Maciejewska A., Pelotti S., Pepinski W., Abreu-Glowacka M., Phillips C., Cárdenas J., Rey-Gonzalez D., Salas A., Brisighelli F., Capelli C., Toscanini U., Piccinini A., Piglionica M., Baldassarra SL., Ploski R., Konarzewska M., Jastrzebska E., Robino C., Sajantila A., Palo JU., Guevara E., Salvador J., Ungria MC., Rodriguez JJ., Schmidt U., Schlauderer N., Saukko P., Schneider PM., Sirker M., Shin KJ., Oh YN., Skitsa I., Ampati A., Smith TG., Calvit LS., Stenzl V., Capal T., Tillmar A., Nilsson H., Turrina S., Leo D., Verzeletti A., Cortellini V., Wetton JH., Gwynne GM., Jobling MA., Whittle MR., Sumita DR., Wolańska-Nowak P., Yong RY., Krawczak M., Nothnagel M. and Roewer L. (2014), 'A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 12:12-23 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Xu H., Wang CC., Shrestha R., Wang LX., Zhang M., He Y., Kidd JR., Kidd KK., Jin L. and Li H. (2015), 'Inferring population structure and demographic history using Y‐STR data from worldwide populations', Mol Genet Genomics 290(1):141-50 [DOI]
  • Nazir M., Alhaddad H., Alenizi M., Alenizi H., Taqi Z., Sanqoor S., Alrazouqi A., Hassan A., Alfalasi R., Gaur S., Jaber A., Ziab J., Al-Harbi E., Moura-Neto RS. and Budowle B. (2016), 'A genetic overview of 23Y-STR markers in UAE population.', Forensic Sci Int Genet 23:150-152 [PubMed] [DOI]
  • Zeyad T., Adam A., Alghafri R. and Iratni R. (2020), 'Study of 27 Y-STR markers in United Arab Emirates population', Forensic Science International: Reports 2:100057 [DOI]
  • Iacovacci G., D’Atanasio E., Marini O., Coppa A., Sellitto D., Trombetta B., Berti A. and Cruciani F. (2017), 'Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries', Forensic Science International: Genetics 27:123-31 [DOI]
  • Dogan S., Gurkan C., Dogan M., Balkaya HE., Tunc R., Demirdov DK., Ameen NA. and Marjanovic D. (2017), 'A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from Mesopotamia: Paternal lineages of the Northern Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Syriacs, Turkmens and Yazidis', PLoS ONE 12(11):e0187408 [DOI]
  • Khubrani YM., Wetton JH. and Jobling MA. (2017), 'Extensive geographical and social structure in the paternal lineages of Saudi Arabia revealed by analysis of 27 Y-STRs', Forensic Science International Genetics 33:98-105
  • Al-Zubaidi MM., Nader MI., Sabbah MA., Mohammed EG., Mahmood HK., Hasan DH., Salih KM., Ramadhan AT., Sadeq AH., Nassief SS. and Khlewee MA. (2019), 'Estimation of Allele and Haplotype Frequencies for 17 YSTR Markers in the Diyala Arab Population', Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology 18(1):67-76
  • D’Atanasio E., Iacovacci G., Pistillo R., Bonito M., Dugoujon JM., Moral P., El-Chennawi F., Melhaoui M., Baali A., Cherkaoui M., Sellitto D., Trombetta B., Berti A. and Cruciani F. (2018), 'Rapidly mutating Y-STRs in rapidly expanding populations: Discrimination power of the Yfiler Plus multiplex in northern Africa', Forensic Science International Genetics 38:185-94 [DOI]
  • Al-Snan NR., Messaoudi SA., Khubrani YM., Wetton JH., Jobling MA. and Bakhiet M. (2020), 'Geographical structuring and low diversity of paternal lineages in Bahrain shown by analysis of 27 Y-STRs', Molecular Genetics and Genomics 295:1315–24 [DOI]
  • Lazim H., Almohammed EK., Hadi S. and Smith J. (2020), 'Population genetic diversity in an Iraqi population and gene flow across the Arabian Peninsula', Scientific Reports 10:15289 [Link] [DOI]
  • Mahmood HK., Salman NF., Salih KM., Hasan DH. and Al-Zubaidi MM. (2020), 'Frequency of Y-chromosome STRs using PowerPlex® Y23 System in Iraqi population', Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 10(12): [DOI]
  • Bini C., Sarno S., Tangorra E., Iuvaro A., DeFanti S., Tseghereda YG., Pelotti S. and Luiselli D. (2021), 'Haplotype data and forensic evaluation of 23 Y-STR and 12 X-STR loci in eight ethnic groups from Eritrea', Int J Legal Med 135(2):449-453 [DOI]
  • Almohammed EK., Hadi A., Al-Asmakh M. and Lazim H. (2023), 'The Qatari population’s genetic structure and gene flow as revealed by the Y chromosome', PLoS ONE 18(9): e0290844 [Link] [DOI]
  • Haddish K., Chierto E., Vella D., Lacerenza D., Raddi S., Aneli S., Bogale AL., Kidane E., Yizengaw A., Getaneh Y., Tewelemedhin G., Kumar HRS. and Robino C. (2021), 'A reference database of forensic autosomal and gonosomal STR markers in the Tigray population of Ethiopia', For Sci Int Genet 56:102618 [DOI]
  • Ferragut JF., Ramon C., Castro JA., Amorim A., Alvarez L. and Picornell A. (2020), 'Middle eastern genetic legacy in the paternal and maternal gene pools of Chuetas', Scientific Reports 10:21428 [DOI]
  • Moutsouri I., Keravnou A., Manoli P., Bertoncini S., Michailidou K., Christofi V., Xenophontos S., Cariolou MA. and Bashiardes E. (2021), 'Comparative Y-chromosome analysis Cypriots in the context of historical events and migrations', PLoS ONE 16(8):e0255140 [DOI]

Personal communications

YA005544, YA005115, YA005510, YA005250, YA005765, YA005235, YA005317, YA005529, YA005922, YA005872, YA005758, YA005895, YA005633, YA005219, YA005825, YA005181, YA005785, YA005293, YA005723, YA005137, YA005740
* See FAQ/Glossary (http://yhrd.org/pages/faq) for further explanations of abbreviated terms used here
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